The Effects Of Punishments Versus Rewards On Tardiness At...

Reminders and Rewards: Decreasing Tardiness Leaving for Work All people behave inappropriately at times. A child may interrupt his or her elder or an adult may curse in a frustrating situation at work; however, when inappropriate behaviors become chronic and produce consistent negative outcomes, an action plan may need to be put in place to modify unacceptable behaviors. Behavior change is often necessary when a person is unable to reach a specified target behavior on his or her own. In such cases interventions can be put into place to achieve the target behavior. Gresham, Washer, and Skinner (2001) indicate that using Functional Behavioral Assessments to determine the why of a behavior is a best practice in determining appropriate interventions as types of interventions vary greatly. One type of intervention is rewarding desirable behavior. Kosakowski (1998) utilized an ABA reversal design study that examined the effects of punishments versus rewards on tardiness to gym class among ninety 8th grade students. Student tardiness to class was observed and recorded for five days with no attempt to correct the behavior. Quantitative data were taken regarding the number of students to enter class after the tardy bell had finished ringing. After the baseline observation teachers held students accountable to school tardiness policies (punishment) for five days. In the third phase, negative reinforcement was withdrawn and students were only observed. The next interval involvedShow MoreRelatedStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pages 616 623 Contents Preface xxii 1 1 Introduction What Is Organizational Behavior? 3 The Importance of Interpersonal Skills 4 What Managers Do 5 Management Functions 6 †¢ Management Roles 6 †¢ Management Skills 8 †¢ Effective versus Successful Managerial Activities 8 †¢ A Review of the Manager’s Job 9 Enter Organizational Behavior 10 Complementing Intuition with Systematic Study 11 Disciplines That Contribute to the OB Field 13 Psychology 14 †¢ Social Psychology 14 †¢ SociologyRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesmymanagementlab is an online assessment and preparation solution for courses in Principles of Management, Human Resources, Strategy, and Organizational Behavior that helps you actively study and prepare material for class. Chapter-by-chapter activities, including built-in pretests and posttests, focus on what you need to learn and to review in order to succeed. Visit www.mymanagementlab.com to learn more. DEVELOPING MANAGEMENT SKILLS EIGHTH EDITION David A. Whetten BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY Read MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 PagesTRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT Socializing, Orienting, and Developing Employees 182 Managing Careers 208 PART 5 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Chapter 12 Chapter 13 MAINTAINING HIGH PERFORMANCE Establishing the Performance Management System 230 Establishing Rewards and Pay Plans 260 Employee Benefits 286 Ensuring a Safe and Healthy Work Environment 312 PART 6 Chapter 14 LABOR–MANAGEMENT ENVIRONMENTS Understanding Labor Relations and Collective Bargaining 340 Endnotes 367 Glossary 389 Company Index 395

Swot Analysis Of Apple Inc. - 1226 Words

SWOT Analysis of Apple, Inc. Roberta Jones MGT450: Strategic Planning for Organizations Date Submitted Dr. Levith 8/15/16 SWOT Analysis of Apple, Inc. Company Overview: Apple Incorperated Apple Inc. was co-founded by Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak on April 1, 1976 (Johnson, 2012). Originally, the duo sought to develop a simple micro-computer board that could be offered to small and businesses. However, since its conception, Apple exhibited unprecedented growth in the ICT industry with its initial products, including Apple I, Apple II and Macintosh becoming the first commercially successful personal computers that assisted Apple to develop into a profitable, well-regulated firm that has come to be today. Today, the company focuses on the design, manufacture and marketing of a wide variety of consumer electronic products, including personal computers, smartphones, and portable music players, coupled with related computer software, applications, services and peripherals (Laugesen Yuan, 2010). Apple has global supply chain with more than 250 retail stores distributed worldwide (Johnson et al., 2012). Starting with delivering music only, Apple has ventured into other entert ainment content such as videos, television shows, films as well as audio books that are distributed via its ITunes Store (West Mace, 2010). The current market environment features significant market players with relatively stronger and long established brands such as Microsoft, IBM, Google, Amazon,Show MoreRelatedSwot Analysis Apple Inc.1455 Words   |  6 PagesSWOT Analysis: Apple Inc. Management 303 Management 303 SWOT Analysis of Apple Inc Section I – Organizational History and overview In 2007, Jobs told a crowd at the Macworld Expo that Apple would now be known as Apple Inc., and not Apple Computer, Inc. The company had moved from producing only computers to offering the iPod, iTunes and more. That year, Apple also debuted its widely successful touch screen Smartphone and the less popular Apple TV. In early 2009, Jobs left Apple for a shortRead MoreSWOT Analysis: Apple Inc1462 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Apple Inc. I. SWOT Analysis Strengths Weaknesses Strong Brand Image Faulty Products Financial Performance is Robust Infringement on Patents The Company has a focus on research and product development    Launch of iPad reported as revolutionary Mac OS lacks gaming capabilities Strong reliable OS Nonupgradable Mac PC Easy to use and intuitive gadgets Limited Product Range Small products with stylish designs    Product integrations    Opportunities Threats Smartphones CompetitionRead MoreApple, Inc. SWOT analysis2435 Words   |  10 PagesApple, Inc. SWOT analysis Carzadean Lawton MGT680-Strategic Management Dr. Leland Taylor June 30, 2013 Abstract Apple Computers Inc. has made its mark in the industry by creating innovative products which continues to redefine the design of computers. In the past there have been companies who have failed to succeed at trying to replicate Apple’s design. In this report, we will identify examples of the good and the bad of business practices. This report will analyze the case of Apple Inc.Read MoreApple Inc: SWOT Analysis590 Words   |  2 PagesApple Inc. SWOT SWOT Analysis Strengths Powerful Brand Name Innovation Efficient Supply Chain Customer Loyalty Weaknesses Supply Chain Environmental Problems Supply Chain Human Rights Issues Loss of Steve Jobs Opportunities New Revolutionary Product Increase market share Maintain Customer Loyalty Threats Intense Competition Negative Publicity Economic Downturn Discussion Apple Inc. has been dedicated to innovation ever since the company was first formed. Apples recent breakthroughsRead MoreSwot Analysis Of Apple Inc.914 Words   |  4 PagesHigher AVU Introduction: In this business report, I have decided to carry out a SWOT Analysis on Apple Inc. I have chosen to base this on Apple Inc., as they are a large-scale business in which many people have used or tested one of their products. I wanted to discover whether Apple Inc. is as good a business as people suggest. 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During the report I will discuss the current market position of Apple, it’s strengths and weaknesses going forward, as well as any potential opportunities or threats to it’s business model. It will culminate with an analysis of whether SWOT is an effective tool in helping a tech-giant such as Apple improve or update its business. Introduction: Defining and exploring SWOT Morrison (2011) defines ‘SWOT analysis is a familiar analytical toolRead MoreSwot Analysis for Apple Inc2110 Words   |  9 PagesSWOT Analysis on Apple Inc. Strengths Apple has a very strong and well recognised brand. All of Apple’s products have a very high level of brand awareness and are recognised in all of the markets in which it operates. The evidence of this high brand recognition and awareness can be found by taking a look at the at the sales figure and revenue that Apple generates, For example, the iPad managed to gross in about $5 billion and unit sales of about 7.5 million in 2010, going on to sell a furtherRead MoreCase Study : Management People Organization1294 Words   |  6 PagesKUMAR STUDENT ID - 11592203 SUBMITTED TO – RAMANATHAN R. INDEX ASSIGNMENT – 2 Introduction Introduction Strategic management – It is the set of action used to formulate and implements specific strategies (includes continues planning, monitoring, analysis and decision) that will achieve the competitively superior fit between the organization and environment, so as to achieve organizational the goals. Along with it, it is neces sary to rise the performance of an organization to its competitors, meansRead MoreSwot Analysis Of Apple Company s Management Team1380 Words   |  6 Pagesthe strengths and weaknesses of the entities. PEST and SWOT are the universally accepted approaches of making decision by managers (Jeynes, 2013). Examples of companies that utilize these tools are the Apple Company Inc. ideally; this is one of the international companies. Its operations get globally vested. This essay aims at assessing the usefulness and the limitations of SWOT and PEST use in Apple Company. The company’s management team of Apple Company dominantly uses these tools. They have their

Bill Cosby Essay Essay Research Paper Bill free essay sample

Bill Cosby Essay Essay, Research Paper Bill Cosby William Henry Cosby, Jr. was born at 3:00 A.M. on July 12, 1937, in North Philadelphia s Germantown Hospital ( Herbert and Hill 21 ) . Bills parents, William and Anna Pearl Cosby, were childhood sweeties. They migrated North during the depression for a better life. Bill had three younger brothers, James, Russel, and Robert. James died when Bill was eight old ages old ( Herbert and Hill 21 ) . During Bill s childhood, his household was typically lower category. Money was neer plentiful in the Cosby family. However, a roof was ever over their caputs, nutrient on the tabular array, and a warm topographic point to kip ( Herbert and Hill 22 ) . Since welding occupations were scarce, Bills male parent had a difficult clip seeking to happen work. Before long, he sought safety in the bottle. As his imbibing became more chronic the senior Cosby would roll off for yearss and hebdomads at a clip. Bill said, He would go forth place many times. He would go forth when the rent was due or come place penniless on payday, cursing to my female parent that he had been robbed, and go forth once more. Once he vanished merely before Christmas and we didn Ts have a cent ( Herbert and Hill 22 23 ) . The household finally had to travel to where the rent was lower. They ended up being crammed into a bantam two-bedroom flat in the Richard Allen Homes, a low-income undertaking in the hapless black subdivision of Philadelphia ( Concord 12 ) . After the tough times of Cosby s childhood, he decided to acquire a occupation at the age of 11. Cosby s occupation was a clerk at a local food market shop. He worked from 6 a.m. to 6 p.m. during the hebdomad and 6 a.m. to 9 p.m. on Saturdays, for merely $ 8.00 a hebdomad ( Herbert and Hill 24 25 ) . During Christmas, the Cosby male childs would observe Christmas by sitting at the kitchen tabular array without their female parent, who had to pass the vacations working. Cosby remembers, We didn Ts have adequate socks for our pess, allow entirely any trim 1s to hang ( Herbert and Hill 24 25 ) . However, Bill holds no resentment about those hard turning up old ages. Because of his childhood Bill has admitted to holding an compulsion with remaining out of debt. Even with the sort of life he had as a kid, Bill is exceptionally gifted and bright. In faculty members, nevertheless, he was an underperformer, and he received a batch of awful study cards to turn out it. Cosby dropped out of school in 1956 when he was forced to reiterate the ten percent class. He tried to happen employment in Philadelphia, but it barely proved successful. Cosby, like his male parent, decided to fall in the U. S. Navy in 1956. He decided to go a member of the U. S. Navy Track Team. He excelled in the 220 yard low hurdlings, the discuss, and the javelin. However, he excelled most of all in the high leap. He set a personal best of 6 5. When Cosby was approaching the age of 23, he decided to drop out of the Navy and follow his instruction. P > Cosby s instruction included traveling to Temple University where he excelled in hoops and football. Emlen Tunnell, a former professional football participant for the Green Bay Packers and the New York Giants, told Cosby that he had the possible to go a professional football participant ( Concord 19 21 ) . Cosby said, If I didn t do it good at Temple, I knew what waited for me was a life-time as a waiters assistant or mill manus ( Concord 27 ) . Cosby took a occupation as a barman where he became known for a repertory of sidesplitting anecdotes that he shared with his clients in his sophomore twelvemonth at Temple ( Herbert and Hill 43 44 ) . Cosby finally began to inquire if he could gain a life by stating gags. Encouraged by his audience s response, Cosby became known as a serious pupil of comedy. In add-on to analyzing his ain technique, Cosby worked to hone his trade by detecting other cartoon strips during their public presentations at the nearby Green Wich Club. Cosby so decide d to retreat from Temple. His determination left his female parent heartbroken. Bill s female parent said, When Bill quit college I was so unhappy it made me ill. For six hebdomads I walked back and Forth, room to room, inquiring myself, why? Why? ( Ziegler 47 48 ) . After dropping out of college, Cosby married Camille Hanks on January 25, 1964. Cosby had five kids: their names are Erika, Erin, Ensa, Evin, and Ennis. Harmonizing to Cosby, all of his kids s names begin with an Tocopherol because it is a manner of reminding them each twenty-four hours throughout their lives that E stands for excellence ( Ziegler 57 ) . Cosby s boy Ennis died in 1997 while altering a tyre on a Los Angles expressway ( Concord 32 33 ) . Turning up through an overpowering childhood, Cosby became the first African American to star in a Television play. Cosby received unfavorable judgment for showing a comedy that showed a black individual who acted merely like a white individual did ( Herbert and Hill 37 ) . Cosby frequently placed his character in a place that had him seeking to learn a lesson to others. Cosby s first commercial aired in 1974. Jell-o hired him to publicize Jell-o pudding in a series of telecasting commercials. Cosby has served as spokesman for Coca-Cola, Dutch Masters, The Ford Motor Company, E.F. Hutton, Kodak, and Texas Instruments ( Herbert and Hill 52 ) . Cosby s awards are 4 Emmys, 8 Grammy s, a NAACP Image Award, and a member of the Hall of Fame Academy of Television Humanistic disciplines and Sciences. Cosby received his doctors degree in instruction in May of 1976 ( Concord 44 ) . Cosby and his married woman, Cammile donated 20 million dollars to Spelman College, the elect black adult female s college in Atlanta on November 1988. Forbes magazine listed Cosby deserving 20 billion dollars, the richest comedian of all time ( Herbert and Hill 54 55 ) . Today Cosby is one of the most well-known and well-thought-of comics of all clip. He is looked up to and admired by people of all ages and races. 328

Infectious Disease Prevention and Management -myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theInfectious Disease Prevention and Management. Answer: Analysis Of The Risk Factors For The Spread Of Infectious Disease In The Gold Coast Commonwealth Games, 2018 Gold Coast environment in relevance to infectious disease The XXI Commonwealth Games (2018) is scheduled in Gold Coast in Queensland, Australia, and will be the fifth Commonwealth Game hosted by Australia. The game start on April 4th, and has provisioned the accommodation of 6600 athletes and officials in the form of an athletes village comprising of 1252 houses, 1170 apartments and 82 townhouses in Southport. As a result, there will be an enormous influx of people (athletes, audiences, dignitaries) in the city, and therefore increasing the chances of introducing infectious disease into the community. If not checked and controlled properly, a potential outbreak scenario can ensue due to the influx, and can jeopardize the public health as well as the health of the visitors. It is therefore vital to identify the diseases most prevalent in the city, and the diseases that can potentially be favored by the environmental conditions of Gold Coast. Identifying the pathogenicity and etiologies of these communicable diseases can allow the implementat ion of preventative measures to control disease outbreaks/spreads. Gold Coast has a humid subtropical climate. The winters are warm (average of 25 to 29 degree Celsius) and hot and humid summers (average 23 to 27 degree Celsius with 106% to 121 % humidity) (Surfers Paradise Forecast, 2017). This can provide a good sustainable environment for different kinds of pathogens that exists or can be introduced to Gold Coast. Currently, the Gold Coast environment has seen the prevalence of different types of infectious diseases like diseases borne of contaminated food or water, diseases carried by mosquito (like Dengue), Viral Zoonotic Disease (like Australian Bat Lyssavirus or Q fever), Influenza, and infections (like meningococcal disease). Tick borne disease like Lyme disease has shown several incidences in Australia (Tick Borne Diseases | Gold Coast Hyperthermia Dr Craig Thompson Integrative GP, 2017). Some of the more relevant diseases in Gold Coast are Mosquito Borne diseases (like Dengue and Zika), and Influenza. As per Gold Coast Bulletin (August 26th, 2017), have reported an increased number of Influenza infections, with teenagers between 10 and 19 years being at the highest risk Statistics from Gold Coast Hospital Health Services shows a 20% increase (520 cases in a week) in the incidence of Influenza (Coast fully sick as flu numbers soar, 2017). Similarly Mosquito borne disease like Zika, have also been reported before. Presumably the Aedes aegypti (Dengue mosquitoes) can pick up the Zika virus from an infected traveler, and spread it (Zika virus | Queensland Health, 2017). Infrastructure related to infection control and management The infrastructure applicable to/ associated with Infection Control and Management Plan (ICMP) enables better management of communicable diseases, and its treatment. The infrastructure can be comprised of an Infection Prevention Team, Long Term Care Facilities and Hospital Surveillance of Health Associated Contagion. ICMP is a standard design aimed for reduction or prevention of infectious diseases in regards to healthcare services for patients, healthcare professionals working in the facility as well as individuals who can get infected in the facility. The declared healthcare facilities includes public hospitals, blood banks, occupational therapists, dental clinic, pathology laboratories, podiatry clinic, acupuncturists, specialist practice clinic, physiotherapists, speech therapists, pharmacies, hyperbaric medicines, aboriginal healthcare services, dermatology service, pharmaceuticals, nursing service, optometrists, correctional service, diabetes educators, radiological and diagnos tic imaging services, stem cell transplant service and Chinese medicines. Infection control program involves components like basic measures for infection control; education, training of healthcare workers; protecting the health of people through the processes of immunization; health hazard identification and risks mitigation; conducting routine activities and practices and effective work practices; surveillance; monitoring of incidence; investigation of outbreaks; research and controlling infections in specific situations (Poff, Browning, 2014). An Infection Control Committee acts as a forum for sharing information and allows a multidisciplinary input and help, and should include representatives from a wide variety of professions like management, healthcare workers, pharmacies, clinical microbiologists, housekeeping, sterilization services, maintenance and training services. They should be able to review and commend surveillance and prevention activities, identify scope of intervention from surveillance data, promote better health practice and assess the existing practice standards, ensuring proper training of staff in the domains of infection control and management. Quarantine Centers are applicable in conditions to stop further spread of the disease, by isolating the infected cases from non infected individuals. The quarantine centers will allow a safe study of the remedy and treatment, while ensuring safety for the population and health workers (Drazen et al., 2014). Vaccination protocols can allow preventative measures, providing protection to healthcare providers and to public. The vaccines help to build up immunity against diseases, and therefore is an important measure of disease prevention and managing (Vaccines, 2017). Surveillance allows proper reporting of infection incidences. Infection investigation done in accordance of CDC definition, can allow effective identification of the prevalent diseases, and thereby formulate a control. Major infectious diseases of concern and their relevant etiology and epidemiology. Influenza: Also called the flu is caused by influenza virus. This ailment is characterized by symptoms like fever, sore throat, runny nose, muscular pains, coughing, and fatigue. Flu can be caused by different strains (A, B or C) of the Influenza virus. Flu cases in Australia are mostly caused by strains A and B. Out of these 2, only Influenza A is known to have caused pandemics. The spread of the virus can be in 3 different ways: direct transmission (when mucus from the infected person directly contacts the mucosa of the healthy person), airborne transmission (caused by inhaling droplets of moisture containing the virus), and through contaminated objects/ vehicles. Children are generally more prone to infection than adults. Estimates show that an average of 13,500 hospitalizations and 3,000 mortalities in Australia each year due to influenza. The worst affected are the patients suffering from chronic conditions like lung disease, asthma, cardiac disease, kidney disease, blood disorder, obesity and endocrine dysfunction (Colds and flu statistics, 2017). Surveillance reports from Australia in 2017 also provide the following information: The infections reached its peak activity in mid August. The confirmed cases of infection, reported to NNDSS (National Notificable Diseases Surveillance System) being 2.5 times compared to last year. The currently dominant strain of influenza virus, prevalent in Australia is the type a strain. The highest incidence of infection have been found among adults aged 80 and above, and the second highest incidence among children between 5 to 9 years. Even though in 2017 the number of mortality cases due to influenza showed an increase and is consistent with the rise in the reported cases and not necessarily due to an increased severity of the disease (List of notifiable conditions | Queensland, 2017). The Commonwealth Department of Health and Ageing estimated a total of 231,645 laboratory confirmed cases of influenza in Australia in 2017 (till November) (Immunisation Coalition, 2017). Figure 1: Statistics for Influenza in Australia; source: (Immunisation Coalition, 2017) Dengue: This disease is spread by mosquitoes, and caused by the Dengue Virus pathogen. The typical symptoms associated with the disease are fever, headache, nausea and painful joints. The symptoms can often develop into acute symptoms that are life threatening like hemorrhagic fever, bleeding, low platelet count, leakage of plasma, and shock that can cause acute low blood pressure (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2017). A sudden onset of fever is a characteristic of dengue. Infection course can be divided into three discrete phases: febrile, critical and recovery. During the first phase- the febrile phase, a high fever occurs (typically above 40 degree Celsius) associated with muscular pain and headache lasting for a week. Nausea and vomiting are also common apart from rashes and flushed skin. The fever can be biphasic, and shows frequent relapse. The critical phase starts as the fever goes down, and there can be leakage of plasma from the blood vessels which can last for a couple of days, causing fluid accumulation in the thoracic and abdominal cavities and can also cause dehydration, loss of fluid, reduced blood to organs, and bleeding from the Gastro Intestinal tract. A dengue shock can ensure due to these conditions, and can be fatal. The recovery phase occurs next, and is evidenced by the reabsorption of the fluids back into the circulatory system. The improvement can be associated with a lowered heart rate, itching and peeling of the skin. A fluid overload can also occur due to the increased volume of blood, and can affect the brain causing seizures. The disease is spread by the mosquito Aedes aegypti, and the virus has 4 different strains (1, 2, 3, and 4). Infection with one strain of the virus can cause immunity to only that strain, thereby still exposing the individuals to infections by the other strains in the future ("Department of Health | Australian Influenza Surveillance Report and Activity Updates", 2017). The mosquitoes bite by the day, and the disease has an incubation period of 3-14 days. The majority of the mosquito borne disease in Gold Coast is caused due to the salt marsh mosquitoes. Freshwater bodies created due to heavy rainfall also provide the ideal breeding grounds for the mosquitoes. High tides exceeding 1.6m in the Gold Coast Seaway also triggers the breeding of the mosquitoes, thereby increasing the prevalence of mosquito borne diseases ("City of Gold Coast | Mosquitoes", 2017). However, reports from January 2017 shows a record high number (in 20 years) of reported cases of dengue in Australia (Butt, 2017) Currently, the mosquito causing dengue is only found in the North, Central and Southwest Queensland. Outbreaks have occurred each year in Queensland, and the outbreaks generally start when an individual is infected with the virus while travelling overseas, and thereby introducing the pathogen into the country ((Faddy, Viennet, Flower McBride, 2017). As per WHO there were 662 laboratory conformed cases of Dengue in Australia, as of July 31st, 2017 (World Health Organization, 2017). This shows a reduction in the reported cases compared to previous years. Figure 2: Reported cases of Dengue; source: (World Health Organization, 2017) Infectious disease health services capacity and critical control points The health services for Infectious disease control ensure proper prevention of communicable diseases and prevent disease outbreaks. The service policies provide critical control points to check the outbreaks/spread of disease by analyzing the mode and path of infection. These control points are: Immunization: This is the process of aiding an individuals immune system to recognize a pathogen or immunogenic, building an immune memory of it. Immunization saves approximately 2-3 million lives every year from preventable diseases like diphtheria, tetanus, rubella, polio, mumps, pneumococcal diseases, tetanus, Pertussis, measles, hepatitis B and Haemophilius influenza type B. The vaccination program can involve strategies like: vaccination for all children, documentation of all vaccinations, free vaccinations and revaccinations incase of outbreak of diseases (Immunization, 2017). In addition, compulsory vaccination can also be implemented against certain diseases that shows prevalence. Screening: It allows identification of individuals who have been infected or exposed to the pathogen. It allows the treatment to be commenced in a timely manner, manage the co morbidities with more affectivity, help to reduce high risk behaviors for the disease, identify the necessity for any compulsory treatment plans. A quick and successful identification can also lower the rate of transmission thereby improving the success rate of disease management. Legal Framework and Mandatory Disclosure Laws: Penalizing non compliance to public health orders or for behaviors that can cause risk to public health allows prevention of activities that can jeopardize health of the public, and ensure personal responsibilities related to health. The laws also ensure compliance by healthcare providers to adhere to the strict protocols and methods that can foster well health of the population, and prevent outbreaks (Chen, Levonyan, Reinhart Taksler, 2014). Isolation/Quarantine: In case of serious outbreaks, it is often challenging to identify the correct source and the carriers. Due to this evacuation and closure of public places can be helpful to stop the spread of the disease. A proper quarantine protocol, combined with decontamination practices can ensure the safety of the people, in particular the economically vulnerable (Drazen et al., 2014). Role of transport access in affecting risk of infectious disease transmission: Infectious diseases can be transmitted by various methods, and therefore public health services aims to minimize transmission of the diseases. Enteric diseases can spread through water or food, and contamination of water supplies can result in diseases like diarrhea, jaundice and cholera. Diseases like Dengue, Malaria, Yellow Fever or Zika Virus are spread by mosquitoes. Prevalence of mosquitoes can hence be associated with prevalence of the diseases borne by them. Similarly, diseases like Influenza can be spread by direct or indirect contact, or by mucosal discharge, as does common cold and small pox. As we understand that a huge influx of people are likely to occur during the commonwealth games, 2018, there will be an elevated risk of retransmission of diseases during that time. Overcrowding can also elevate the risks of influenza spreading out of the country and diseases like Dengue and Zika entering the country from foreign individuals (Rahman, Harley Plummer, 2017). Therefore it is of utmost importance that the mode of transmission of these diseases be understood clearly, and proper precautionary and intervention measures be used to prevent their outbreak or to contain them. Preventing access to the vehicles of the disease can in effect prevent the spread, and ensure the continued protection of public health and foster a general well being among the public. References: Butt, C. (2017).Dengue fever cases hit 20-year high in Australia.The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 13 November 2017, from https://www.smh.com.au/national/health/dengue-fever-cases-hit-20year-high-in-australia-20170112-gtqq5b.html Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2017). Symptoms and what to do if you think you have dengue.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA: https://www. cdc. gov/dengue/symptoms. Chen, D. L., Levonyan, V., Reinhart, S. E., Taksler, G. B. (2014).Mandatory disclosure: Theory and evidence from industry-physician relationships. Working paper, mimeo. City of Gold Coast | Mosquitoes. (2017).Goldcoast.qld.gov.au. Retrieved 15 November 2017, from https://www.goldcoast.qld.gov.au/environment/mosquitoes-4095.html Coast fully sick as flu numbers soar (2017).Coast fully sick as flu numbers soar.Goldcoastbulletin.com.au. Retrieved 13 November 2017, from https://www.goldcoastbulletin.com.au/news/sun-community/flu-numbers-soar-on-the-gold-coast-with-experts-warning-children-and-teens-are-most-affected/news-story/068f5e3f5d423dd358a04b4a6ae82902 Colds and flu statistics. (2017).Healthdirect.gov.au. Retrieved 13 November 2017, from https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/colds-and-flu-statistics Department of Health | Australian Influenza Surveillance Report and Activity Updates. (2017).Health.gov.au. Retrieved 15 November 2017, from https://www.health.gov.au/flureport Department of Health | Dengue Fact Sheet. (2017).Health.gov.au. Retrieved 13 November 2017, from https://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/Content/ohp-dengue-fs.htm Drazen, J. M., Kanapathipillai, R., Campion, E. W., Rubin, E. J., Hammer, S. M., Morrissey, S., Baden, L. R. (2014). Ebola and quarantine. Faddy, H., Viennet, E., Flower, R., McBride, W. (2017).Dengue in Australia: the key points.researchgate.net. Retrieved 15 November 2017, from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/280612549_Dengue_in_Australia_the_key_points Immunisation Coalition. (2017).Annual Australian Influenza Statistics(p. 1). Retrieved from https://www.immunisationcoalition.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/13Nov-Flu-Stats-2017-PDF.pdf Immunization. (2017).World Health Organization. Retrieved 15 November 2017, from https://www.who.int/topics/immunization/en/ Infection Control Management of Infectious Diseases. (2017).Sahealth.sa.gov.au. Retrieved 13 November 2017, from https://www.sahealth.sa.gov.au/wps/wcm/connect/2425ea004fe339d1977bb703541ce8ed/Infection-control-management-of-infectious-diseases-V2.5-cdcb-ics-20170214.pdf?MOD=AJPERESCACHEID=2425ea004fe339d1977bb703541ce8ed List of notifiable conditions | Queensland (2017). Health.Health.qld.gov.au. Retrieved 13 November 2017, from https://www.health.qld.gov.au/clinical-practice/guidelines-procedures/diseases-infection/notifiable-conditions/list Poff, R. M., Browning, S. V. (2014). Creating a meaningful infection control program: One home healthcare agency's lessons.Home Healthcare Now,32(3), 167-171. Rahman, K. M., Harley, D., Plummer, D. (2017). Zika virus infection and Commonwealth Games 2018 on the Gold Coast, Australia.Infection, Disease Health,22(1), 48-50. Surfers Paradise Forecast. (2017).Bom.gov.au. Retrieved 15 November 2017, from https://www.bom.gov.au/qld/forecasts/surfers-paradise.shtml Tick Borne Diseases | Gold Coast Hyperthermia Dr Craig Thompson Integrative GP. (2017).Gchyperthermia.com.au. Retrieved 15 November 2017, from https://www.gchyperthermia.com.au/tick-borne-diseases Vaccines. (2017).World Health Organization. Retrieved 15 November 2017, from https://www.who.int/topics/vaccines/en/ World Health Organization. (2017) (p. 4). Retrieved from https://www.wpro.who.int/emerging_diseases/dengue_biweekly_20170801.pdf Zika virus | Queensland Health (2017).Health.qld.gov.au. Retrieved 13 November 2017, from https://www.health.qld.gov.au/clinical-practice/guidelines-procedures/diseases-infection/diseases/mosquito-borne/zika

Basic Family Systems Theory free essay sample

Running Head: BASIC FAMILY SYSTEMS THEORY AND MICROSKILLS Basic Family Systems Theory and Microskills Used by the Helper Basic Family Systems Theory and Microskills Used by the Helper In terms of a system, the meaning is a consistent arrangement of things connected to form unity or to operate as a whole. These systems are dated back in origins to the 1950’s and 1960’s. In this theory we must understand an individual’s family and how it works for that family daily in the community, neighborhood, social aspect, and etcetera. When one part of the system changes, the whole system changes. When everything is balanced it is said to be in equilibrium or homeostasis which seemingly is a good thing (Poorman, 2003). There are many skills involved in working in the family system. I will address the three main microskills that I would use in my own setting as a helper toward this theory. We will write a custom essay sample on Basic Family Systems Theory or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page There are a few basic things that need to be addressed first to begin to understand the concept of working in family systems. Within the family system as a whole there are similar smaller systems knows as subsystems. Generally, there has been focus on three primary subsystems: marital (or couple), parental, and sibling. These can also branch off into other systems. This is where the saying, â€Å"A family is greater than the sum of its parts† comes into context (http://web. pdx. edu, 2009). The subsystems are defined by who makes up each and what their purpose or goal is in the family as a whole. Related to this concept are boundaries. Boundaries occur at every level of the system and subsystems (http://family. jrank. org, 2009). Depending on the family and how they work, some have very open boundaries and other may have tight restrictions. These boundaries affect who and what is let in or out of the family as a whole and among the subsystems. There have been many developments in approaches to family systems theories. There are a number of professionals in this field, I will try to discuss a few here in some detail and how they may be used in a helper setting. Salvador Minuchin focused primarily on structure of the relationships within the system and subsystems. I would tend to agree that you have to first identify the makeup of the whole family system and then also each individual subsystem to understand its organization. This is when you can address and understand the problems that shape not only the family problems and issues, but the individual problems and issues also. Minuchin believes there are two types of family structure; disengaged family and the enmeshed family. I believe you have to identify which family type you are working with so you can focus on how to handle and help deal with the issues at hand. The boundaries and manner in which the system and subsystems approach each other directly affects how you as the helper should and would tackle your job. Disengaged families have rigid boundaries and share little or no contact with family members. They operate in a very neglectful and isolated manner. On the opposite end of the spectrum are the enmeshed families. In this situation the boundaries seem to overlap and become over involved in each other’s subsystems (Poorman, 2003). This being said, it is my belief that when these are present they have to be addressed to get to the root of the problems or issues among the family and its subsystems. Even if you need to address one individual’s behavior above all others, it is still vital to understand the context of the family and how such problems develop. It is very crucial not to ignore or deny the importance of each individual that makes up the family system. Murray Bowen, in a sense, built on Minuchin’s beliefs and thoughts about structure. Bowen believed that triangulation would improve issues- with a third parties involvement. Bowen believed that a triangle made a strong family structure (Poorman, 2003). With this, as a helper I would see it fit to use the Family Systems Theory because using the whole family would seem to be a sure way to bring about changes. If one person can change, but nothing else can, like the environment in which the problems are occurring, then what is really going to be achieved? It is my job as the helper to facilitate the whole process. I would join the family in the discovery process, then help them understand and use their interacting with one another, then challenge them to change their interpretation of the problems and try to think of alternative ways to make things happen. It is not my job to be above them or against them but to join them and help the process. I am not there to preach or sit back and try to let them blindly discover something on their own. Communication is a very important skill for everyone to have. An equally important skill that I think gets overlooked a lot of the time is the non-verbal communication. As a helper who is focusing on the family as a whole, you will need to be able to read and understand non-verbal quos and positioning, but you will need to be able to use them well. To be affective, you need to try to help the family as a whole understand non-verbal communication. Be aware of the setting, your position in consideration to the client(s), physical distance, posture, gestures, eye contact, facial expression, and other things that your client could take one way or the other. Be aware also that silence is a non-verbal skill and use it as a listening skill. Non-verbal communication may sprout some other forms of communication that can get things that may not have been relayed out into the open. There are many ways of being a sort of intervention with a family in this type of situation. First you are going to want to use another of your micro skills and being asking questions. When your client(s) are there a lot of the time they are going to be in shut down mode. So, asking questions is a way to dig down into what is really going on and start from there. Asking questions is a skill that you want to use when a client(s) experience, thoughts and/or feelings become unclear. Sometimes probing and exploring more into the experience, thought or feeling can be useful. It may also be beneficial to help your client(s) hear what they are saying so they can begin to understand more or start a different direction so that something can be more easily understood. You want to be sure that when you are working with your client or in this situation your family that you be careful not to use poor judgment on the type of questions that you ask, or ow you ask them; it is important not to be accusatory or ask double-barreled questions, as this could lead to anger, frustration, misunderstanding and confusion. You want to be careful not to use questions that only require a yes or no answer also. Using questioning the whole time as your only approach will not get you very far, you do not want to seem controlling and uninterested in the issues (Poorman, 2003 ). When beginning with your family, you are going to want to know what their definition of family is. You also will want to identify certain other characteristics in the family concept; boundaries, power and intimacy, freedom of expression, organization and value systems (Stratman, 2009). Then you are going to want to work on addressing what the factors are that are causing the problems. Lastly, you are going to want to use Preparing for Action! In preparing for action there are many requirements that you are going to want to meet with your client(s), but the main focus of this skill is to set goals. Make the goals realistic and obtainable. You want to write them all down and then make a plan of action of how to make the goals happen. You have to operationalize the goals also. Set up a schedule with the client(s). Make time for brainstorming, a timeline and a written plan! In working with families it is definitely different from working with the individual. Working with the individual you focus on just that- the individual. Working with family in the theory is everyone combined into the system called family and finding out how it works and what makes up everything about them. Even when you are working with an individual I think the Family Systems Theory is a good one to use, to find out the root of the problems and get things on course. Poorman, P. B. (2003). Microskills and Theoretical Foundations for Professional Helpers. Pearson Education Inc. Family Systems Theory-Basic Concepts, â€Å"Family Systems Theory. † http://www. family. jrank. org (Accessed 9. 29. 09) Using Family Therapy, â€Å"Family Systems Theory. † http://web. pdx. edu (Accessed 9. 28. 09) Stratman, T. (2009) Power Point, â€Å"Family Systems Theory. † (Accessed 10. 1. 09)

THREE FACES OF THE WRITER

THREE FACES OF THE WRITER I attended a conference recently where a short story instructor elaborated about the three sides of a writer. I like to call them faces. The concept he painted was not new to me, but I marveled at how it remained hidden in the back of my mind, an assumption, like it wasnt worth remembering. In reality, understanding our three faces is phenomenally important. Astounding, even. THE AUTHOR This personality is the source of all ideas. Here is where you contrive the plot and choose your characters. This side of you involves ingenuity. THE WRITER This face is the crafter. Here is the side of you that defines the words, matches nouns to verbs, carefully chooses adverbs (if any). This is the most easily taught of the three talents. You can be schooled on how to put words together correctly. THE STORYTELLER Here is the magic. This is what most people call voice. So many people can be authors and writers, but not everyone is a storyteller. This face isnt easily taught, since its almost an inherent trait. Its this side of you that can show and not tell, translating enthusiasm into words. Th storyteller isnt in all writers and authors. There may be words on paper, in order, written properly, with a beginning, middle and ending, but without the storytellers touch, the tale falls flat. How do you master all three? Read voraciously, watching for all three faces of the writer you read. Make yourself learn the writer side, grasping the word building until its second nature. Listen to storytellers. Close your eyes and hear audiobooks, movies, and plays. Absorb the wordplay, recognizing how the writer avoids telling. Then try to be uninhibited in your writing. Dont worry about what your mother will think about the sex in Chapter 14. Forget about how your cousins may misinterpret the twist in Chapter 23. Sling all the crap on the page and dare to be alive. Story creation is a careful balance of knowing the rules, thinking creativity, and then daring to explode onto the page without concern for the ramifications.

Albee's play, The American Dream Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Albee's play, The American Dream - Essay Example Simply how life used to be prior to the existence of contemporary society. The sole purpose as to why both dad and mum stayed with Grandma is because she represented the old set of values that have since been eroded by the contemporary values. This character was symbolically used by the author to depict the power of the past to predict the happenings of the future. This is demonstrated by Grandma being able to tell the truth concerning the real intent of the visit by Mrs. Baker. Additionally, this power is demonstrated by her knowledge of the Young Man being an identical twin of the first son of the family. In the social sphere, this character would otherwise be considered obscene. Her role as the oldest person in the play is somewhat unique with regards to theatre plays. It is imperative to reiterate the fact that all the characters of the play are symbolic in a way of the American society. As such, when Grandma becomes an exterior commentator away from the main scene, it symbolizes a shift from the old values that have eminently existed in the American society. The interaction between Grandma and the Young Man represent a collision between the old and the new. As such, in the conversation between Grandma and the Young Man, the Young Man asserts that he has no talents. The metamorphosis of the old to the new seems not to have been complete. Grandma represents a holistic being while the Young Man is a representation of the corrupt and incomplete being of the contemporary society. When Grandma refers to the Young Man as the American dream she asserts that he is the evolution of old into new. She states that he is the embodiment of what the American dream entails and what it would mean for society. The character of Grandma is a rather wise and cunning element in the play. She demonstrates her nature of being wise by knowing what is right for daddy and mommy. She understands that the presence of the Young Man in the family will be good to the family in the end. He r cunning nature is demonstrated by her decision to pretend that she had been taken by the van man. Moreover, when she returns to the scene, she gestures to Mrs. Baker to ignore her presence. The name of this character in context of the contemporary society signifies an aging or phasing out of the old rules. Simply put, a fading and non-relevance of the old values in the modern world. The Young Man When Grandma left the house, she left the Young Man to represent her. Simply put, he was a replacement of the old values of society by the new values. However, unlike Grandma whose personal possessions are represented by boxes, the Young Man is empty inside. The Young Man is the principle focus of the American Dream, he represents the future prospects of society as a whole. As such, when he says that he has no inner emotion, it translates to mean that the American Dream does not have substance to propel its realization. The American Dream, in the wider sense, has no feelings. When the You ng Man knocked on the door and subsequently entered the life of daddy and mommy, his sole motivation was money. This sheds light into the driving force of contemporary society. Their material minded nature is symbolized by this behavior of the Young Man. He is depicted as physically perfect. However, he is devoid of any inner substance. The Young Man is for sale. He states that he would do anything for money. His service and contribution to the family and the society as a whole are for sale. He represents the vanity associated with the contemporary